(stuffering) لکنت زبان دانش آموزان در مدارس

فرمت فایل:word

Contents

Introduction

How do I know if my child is stuttering

Feelings of child who stutters

What causes the stuttering

Teasing and bullying

What about classroom situations

How teachers can help children who stutter

Therapy

Some general ways to help a child who stutters

Approaches to treatment

Conclusion

Reference

Above all, we should know the meaning of stuttering. People generally expect to express their ideas easily and smoothly. Fluency refers to the flow with which sounds, syllables, words, and phrases are connected together when someone is speaking. Fluent speech flows freely without any breaks, hesitations, or repetitions. A break in the flow of speech is called "dysfluency". Stuttering is a pervasive pattern of repeated persistent dysfluencies. Everyone has breaks in the flow of speech at some time or another. These are called normal dysfluencies. We have all had times when we say "uh, uh" when we are trying to formulate a thought or remember a word. We may repeat a word or phrase or stop in the middle of a sentence and start over again. 

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