Learn to Speak German Level One Unit Twenty Nine
It’s now possible to speak and understand a foreign language effortlessly. The world-famous Pimsleur Method™ combines well-established research, most-useful vocabulary and a completely intuitive process to get you speaking right from the first day. All Pimsleur® courses feature real-world context and flexible vocabulary enabling you to learn your new language in a fluid, natural way. It’s the simplest way to start speaking a new language today.
German is the official language of Germany and Austria and is one of the official languages of Switzerland, Belgium, Lichtenstein, and Luxembourg. Nearly 100 million people speak German as their first language. Learn German today with Pimsleur.
You can download the first lesson for free from Here.
You can download the reading booklet for free from here.
Description
Includes 30 lessons and reading instruction (16 hours) as MP3 download, plus a User’s Guide and Reading Booklet
The Easiest and Fastest Way to Learn German
Whether you want to travel, communicate with friends or colleagues, reconnect with family, or just understand more of what’s going on in the world around you, learning German will expand your horizons and immeasurably enrich your life.
The best part is that it doesn’t have to be difficult or take years to master. Thirty minutes a day is all it takes, and we get you speaking right from the first day. Pimsleur courses use a scientifically-proven method that puts you in control of your learning. If you’ve tried other language learning methods but found they simply didn’t stick, then you owe it to yourself to give Pimsleur a try.
Why Pimsleur?
- Quick + Easy – Only 30 minutes a day.
- Portable + Flexible – Core lessons can be done anytime, anywhere, and easily fit into your busy life.
- Proven Method – Works when other methods fail.
- Self-Paced – Go fast or go slow – it’s up to you.
- Based in Science – Developed using proven research on memory and learning.
- Cost-effective – Less expensive than classes or immersion, and features all native speakers.
- Genius – Triggers your brain’s natural aptitude to learn.
- Works for everyone – Recommended for ages 13 and above.
What’s Included?
- 30, 30-minute audio lessons
- 60 minutes of reading instruction to provide you with an introduction to reading German designed to teach you to sound out words with correct pronunciation and accent
- in total, 16 hours of audio, all featuring native speakers
- a Reading Booklet and a User’s Guide
What You’ll Learn
In the first 10 lessons, you’ll cover the basics: saying hello, asking for or giving information, scheduling a meal or a meeting, asking for or giving basic directions, and much more. You’ll be able to handle minimum courtesy requirements, understand much of what you hear, and be understood at a beginning level, but with near-native pronunciation skills.
In the next 10 lessons, you’ll build on what you’ve learned. Expand your menu, increase your scheduling abilities from general to specific, start to deal with currency and exchanging money, refine your conversations and add over a hundred new vocabulary items. You’ll understand more of what you hear, and be able to participate with speech that is smoother and more confident.
In the final 10 lessons, you’ll be speaking and understanding at an intermediate level. In this phase, more directions are given in the target language, which moves your learning to a whole new plane. Lessons include shopping, visiting friends, going to a restaurant, plans for the evening, car trips, and talking about family. You’ll be able to speak comfortably about things that happened in the past and make plans for the future.
Reading Lessons begin in Lesson 10 to provide you with an introduction to reading German. In addition, the combined Reading Lessons are included after Lesson 30. These Reading Lessons, which total about one hour, are designed to teach you to sound out words with correct pronunciation and accent.
The Pimsleur Method
We make no secret of what makes this powerful method work so well. Paul Pimsleur spent his career researching and perfecting the precise elements anyone can use to learn a language quickly and easily. Here are a few of his “secrets”:
The Principle of Anticipation
In the nanosecond between a cue and your response, your brain has to work to come up with the right word. Having to do this boosts retention, and cements the word in your mind.
Core Vocabulary
Words, phrases, and sentences are selected for their usefulness in everyday conversation. We don’t overwhelm you with too much, but steadily increase your ability with every lesson.
Graduated Interval Recall
Reminders of new words and structures come up at the exact interval for maximum retention and storage into your long-term memory.
Organic Learning
You work on multiple aspects of the language simultaneously. We integrate grammar, vocabulary, rhythm, melody, and intonation into every lesson, which allows you to experience the language as a living, expressive form of human culture.
Learning in Context
Research has shown that learning new words in context dramatically accelerates your ability to remember. Every scene in every Pimsleur lesson is set inside a conversation between two people. There are no drills, and no memorization necessary for success.
Active Participation
The Pimsleur Method + active learner participation = success. This method works with every language and every learner who follows it. You gain the power to recall and use what you know, and to add new words easily, exactly as you do in English.
The German Language
German is the official language of Germany and Austria and is one of the official languages of Switzerland. It is also an official language in Belgium, Lichtenstein, and Luxembourg. Nearly 100 million people speak German as their first language: about 77 million in Germany, 8 million in Austria, and 4.5 million in Switzerland.
It’s now possible to speak and understand a foreign language effortlessly. The world-famous Pimsleur Method™ combines well-established research, most-useful vocabulary and a completely intuitive process to get you speaking right from the first day. All Pimsleur® courses feature real-world context and flexible vocabulary enabling you to learn your new language in a fluid, natural way. It’s the simplest way to start speaking a new language today.
German is the official language of Germany and Austria and is one of the official languages of Switzerland, Belgium, Lichtenstein, and Luxembourg. Nearly 100 million people speak German as their first language. Learn German today with Pimsleur.
You can download the first lesson for free from Here.
You can download the reading booklet for free from here.
Description
Includes 30 lessons and reading instruction (16 hours) as MP3 download, plus a User’s Guide and Reading Booklet
The Easiest and Fastest Way to Learn German
Whether you want to travel, communicate with friends or colleagues, reconnect with family, or just understand more of what’s going on in the world around you, learning German will expand your horizons and immeasurably enrich your life.
The best part is that it doesn’t have to be difficult or take years to master. Thirty minutes a day is all it takes, and we get you speaking right from the first day. Pimsleur courses use a scientifically-proven method that puts you in control of your learning. If you’ve tried other language learning methods but found they simply didn’t stick, then you owe it to yourself to give Pimsleur a try.
Why Pimsleur?
- Quick + Easy – Only 30 minutes a day.
- Portable + Flexible – Core lessons can be done anytime, anywhere, and easily fit into your busy life.
- Proven Method – Works when other methods fail.
- Self-Paced – Go fast or go slow – it’s up to you.
- Based in Science – Developed using proven research on memory and learning.
- Cost-effective – Less expensive than classes or immersion, and features all native speakers.
- Genius – Triggers your brain’s natural aptitude to learn.
- Works for everyone – Recommended for ages 13 and above.
What’s Included?
- 30, 30-minute audio lessons
- 60 minutes of reading instruction to provide you with an introduction to reading German designed to teach you to sound out words with correct pronunciation and accent
- in total, 16 hours of audio, all featuring native speakers
- a Reading Booklet and a User’s Guide
What You’ll Learn
In the first 10 lessons, you’ll cover the basics: saying hello, asking for or giving information, scheduling a meal or a meeting, asking for or giving basic directions, and much more. You’ll be able to handle minimum courtesy requirements, understand much of what you hear, and be understood at a beginning level, but with near-native pronunciation skills.
In the next 10 lessons, you’ll build on what you’ve learned. Expand your menu, increase your scheduling abilities from general to specific, start to deal with currency and exchanging money, refine your conversations and add over a hundred new vocabulary items. You’ll understand more of what you hear, and be able to participate with speech that is smoother and more confident.
In the final 10 lessons, you’ll be speaking and understanding at an intermediate level. In this phase, more directions are given in the target language, which moves your learning to a whole new plane. Lessons include shopping, visiting friends, going to a restaurant, plans for the evening, car trips, and talking about family. You’ll be able to speak comfortably about things that happened in the past and make plans for the future.
Reading Lessons begin in Lesson 10 to provide you with an introduction to reading German. In addition, the combined Reading Lessons are included after Lesson 30. These Reading Lessons, which total about one hour, are designed to teach you to sound out words with correct pronunciation and accent.
The Pimsleur Method
We make no secret of what makes this powerful method work so well. Paul Pimsleur spent his career researching and perfecting the precise elements anyone can use to learn a language quickly and easily. Here are a few of his “secrets”:
The Principle of Anticipation
In the nanosecond between a cue and your response, your brain has to work to come up with the right word. Having to do this boosts retention, and cements the word in your mind.
Core Vocabulary
Words, phrases, and sentences are selected for their usefulness in everyday conversation. We don’t overwhelm you with too much, but steadily increase your ability with every lesson.
Graduated Interval Recall
Reminders of new words and structures come up at the exact interval for maximum retention and storage into your long-term memory.
Organic Learning
You work on multiple aspects of the language simultaneously. We integrate grammar, vocabulary, rhythm, melody, and intonation into every lesson, which allows you to experience the language as a living, expressive form of human culture.
Learning in Context
Research has shown that learning new words in context dramatically accelerates your ability to remember. Every scene in every Pimsleur lesson is set inside a conversation between two people. There are no drills, and no memorization necessary for success.
Active Participation
The Pimsleur Method + active learner participation = success. This method works with every language and every learner who follows it. You gain the power to recall and use what you know, and to add new words easily, exactly as you do in English.
The German Language
German is the official language of Germany and Austria and is one of the official languages of Switzerland. It is also an official language in Belgium, Lichtenstein, and Luxembourg. Nearly 100 million people speak German as their first language: about 77 million in Germany, 8 million in Austria, and 4.5 million in Switzerland.
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فرمت فایل: txt
خلاصه ی کتاب زبان تخصصی اقتصاد و مدیریت
خلاصه ی کتاب زبان تخصصی اقتصاد و مدیریت براساس کتاب دکتر صادق بافنده ایماندوست از انتشارات پیام نور برای دانشجویان رشته های مدیریت دانشگاه پیام نور تهیه و تنظیم گردیده است.
محتویات محصول:
لغات مهم و طلایی دروس مختلف کتاب
7 دوره آزمون جامع با پاسخ نامه کاملا" تشریحی و بررسی تک تک گزینه ها
فایل PDF کتاب زبان تخصصی اقتصاد و مدیریت تالیف دکتر ایماندوست
Learn to Speak German Level Three Unit Twenty Nine
It’s now possible to speak and understand a foreign language effortlessly. The world-famous Pimsleur Method™ combines well-established research, most-useful vocabulary and a completely intuitive process to get you speaking right from the first day. All Pimsleur® courses feature real-world context and flexible vocabulary enabling you to learn your new language in a fluid, natural way. It’s the simplest way to start speaking a new language today.
German is the official language of Germany and Austria and is one of the official languages of Switzerland, Belgium, Lichtenstein, and Luxembourg. Nearly 100 million people speak German as their first language. Learn German today with Pimsleur.
You can download the first lesson for free from Here.
You can download the reading booklet for free from here.
Description
Includes 30 lessons and reading instruction (16 hours) as MP3 download, plus a User’s Guide and Reading Booklet
The Easiest and Fastest Way to Learn German
Whether you want to travel, communicate with friends or colleagues, reconnect with family, or just understand more of what’s going on in the world around you, learning German will expand your horizons and immeasurably enrich your life.
The best part is that it doesn’t have to be difficult or take years to master. Thirty minutes a day is all it takes, and we get you speaking right from the first day. Pimsleur courses use a scientifically-proven method that puts you in control of your learning. If you’ve tried other language learning methods but found they simply didn’t stick, then you owe it to yourself to give Pimsleur a try.
Why Pimsleur?
- Quick + Easy – Only 30 minutes a day.
- Portable + Flexible – Core lessons can be done anytime, anywhere, and easily fit into your busy life.
- Proven Method – Works when other methods fail.
- Self-Paced – Go fast or go slow – it’s up to you.
- Based in Science – Developed using proven research on memory and learning.
- Cost-effective – Less expensive than classes or immersion, and features all native speakers.
- Genius – Triggers your brain’s natural aptitude to learn.
- Works for everyone – Recommended for ages 13 and above.
What’s Included?
- 30, 30-minute audio lessons
- 60 minutes of reading instruction to provide you with an introduction to reading German designed to teach you to sound out words with correct pronunciation and accent
- in total, 16 hours of audio, all featuring native speakers
- a Reading Booklet and a User’s Guide
What You’ll Learn
In the first 10 lessons, you’ll cover the basics: saying hello, asking for or giving information, scheduling a meal or a meeting, asking for or giving basic directions, and much more. You’ll be able to handle minimum courtesy requirements, understand much of what you hear, and be understood at a beginning level, but with near-native pronunciation skills.
In the next 10 lessons, you’ll build on what you’ve learned. Expand your menu, increase your scheduling abilities from general to specific, start to deal with currency and exchanging money, refine your conversations and add over a hundred new vocabulary items. You’ll understand more of what you hear, and be able to participate with speech that is smoother and more confident.
In the final 10 lessons, you’ll be speaking and understanding at an intermediate level. In this phase, more directions are given in the target language, which moves your learning to a whole new plane. Lessons include shopping, visiting friends, going to a restaurant, plans for the evening, car trips, and talking about family. You’ll be able to speak comfortably about things that happened in the past and make plans for the future.
Reading Lessons begin in Lesson 10 to provide you with an introduction to reading German. In addition, the combined Reading Lessons are included after Lesson 30. These Reading Lessons, which total about one hour, are designed to teach you to sound out words with correct pronunciation and accent.
The Pimsleur Method
We make no secret of what makes this powerful method work so well. Paul Pimsleur spent his career researching and perfecting the precise elements anyone can use to learn a language quickly and easily. Here are a few of his “secrets”:
The Principle of Anticipation
In the nanosecond between a cue and your response, your brain has to work to come up with the right word. Having to do this boosts retention, and cements the word in your mind.
Core Vocabulary
Words, phrases, and sentences are selected for their usefulness in everyday conversation. We don’t overwhelm you with too much, but steadily increase your ability with every lesson.
Graduated Interval Recall
Reminders of new words and structures come up at the exact interval for maximum retention and storage into your long-term memory.
Organic Learning
You work on multiple aspects of the language simultaneously. We integrate grammar, vocabulary, rhythm, melody, and intonation into every lesson, which allows you to experience the language as a living, expressive form of human culture.
Learning in Context
Research has shown that learning new words in context dramatically accelerates your ability to remember. Every scene in every Pimsleur lesson is set inside a conversation between two people. There are no drills, and no memorization necessary for success.
Active Participation
The Pimsleur Method + active learner participation = success. This method works with every language and every learner who follows it. You gain the power to recall and use what you know, and to add new words easily, exactly as you do in English.
The German Language
German is the official language of Germany and Austria and is one of the official languages of Switzerland. It is also an official language in Belgium, Lichtenstein, and Luxembourg. Nearly 100 million people speak German as their first language: about 77 million in Germany, 8 million in Austria, and 4.5 million in Switzerland.
تحقیق در مورد زکات در حکومت اسلامی
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فرمت فایل:Word (قابل ویرایش و آماده پرینت)
تعداد صفحه:33
اساساً اصل زکات یک امر تشریعی است؛ اما موارد و متعلقات آن و بلکه منابع حد نصاب و مقدار آن از اموری است که در هر زمان مربوط به امام و ولی امر است که هرگونه صلاح بداند، تعیین کند. پس طبق این برداشت، منابع زکات و سایر شرایط در هر زمانی دچار نوسان است. آنچه در پی می آید، یکی از جدیدترین آثار حضرت آیت الله موسوی بجنوردی است که از نظر خوانندگان گرامی می گذرد.
زکات همچون نماز پیوسته جزء فرایض مهم به شمار می رفته است. همان گونه که انبیای الهی وظیفه داشتند مردم را به اقامه نماز دعوت کنند،سخن می گوید، به اقامه صلات و ایتای زکات، آن هم مقارن با یکدیگر اشاره می کند.1 خداوند درباره حضرت اسماعیل(ع) می فرماید: <و اذکُر فی الکتاب اسماعیل انهُ کان صادق الوعد و کان رسُولاً نبیّاً و کان یأمُرُ اهلهُ بالصلوه و الزّکاه و کان عند ربّه مرضیّاً> (مریم، 54، 55). همان طور که ملاحظه می شود، ایتای زکات نه تنها متوجه خود آن حضرت، بلکه به عنوان یک تشریع الهی برای عموم افراد و اهل و قوم ایشان نیز بوده است. در جای دیگر وقتی به میثاق با بنی اسرائیل می پردازد، عنوان می کند: <و اذ اخذنا میثاق بنی اسرائیل ... و اقیمُوا الصلوه و اتُوا الزّکوه` > (بقره، 83) از زبان حضرت مسیح(ع) نیز در گهواره می فرماید: <و اوصانی بالصلوه و الزّکوه مادُمتُ حیّاً...> (مریم، 31)؛ یعنی از نماز و زکات به عنوان دو فریضه ثابت و تغییرناپذیر مادام که آن حضرت زنده است، یاد می کند. یا آنجا که درباره اهل کتاب می گوید: <و ما امرُوا الّا لیعبُدُوا الله مُخلصین لهُ الدّین حُنفاء، و یُقیموُا الصّلوه و یُؤتُوا الزّکوه و ذلک دینُ القیمه...> (بینه، 5) درواقع وجود نماز و زکات را از جمله شروط دین می شمارد. بدین ترتیب معلوم می شود که جاودانگی زکات به اندازه نماز است یعنی به قدمت تاریخ ادیان الهی از اولین تا آخرین. باید اذعان کرد که نماز و زکات از مشخصات دین حنیف است که خود فصل مشترک جمیع ادیان سماوی و حنفای مرسل می باشد. واژه زکات در قرآن از نظر لفظی و معنایی متجاوز از یکصد مرتبه تکرار شده است. در این میان واژه زکات به صورت معرفه 30 بار آمده که 27 بار آن مقارن با کلمه صلات و حتی در یک آیه آورده شده است. از همین رو زکات به عنوان رکن دین مبین اسلام شناخته شده است و اساساً سنت قرآن است که این دو را مقارن همدیگر عنوان می کند. بر همین مبنا ابوبکر گفت: <لا افرق بین شیئین جمعها الله": بین آن دو چیزی که خداوند آنها (نماز و زکات) را با یکدیگر مقارن کرده است، فاصله نمی اندازم. حال به نمونه هایی دیگر از این آیات اشاره می شود.
1- <تلک آیاتُ القُرآن و کتابٍ مُبینٍ هُدیً و بُشری للمؤمنین الّذین یُقیموُن الصّلوه و یؤُتوُن الزکوه`> (نمل، 3-1) در اینجا زکات به عنوان شرط ایمان و قرین و عدل نماز مطرح شده است.
2- <و اقیمُوا الصّلوه و آتُو الزّکوه و اقرضُوا الله قرضاً حُسناً> (مزمل، 20).
3- <فان تابُوا و اقامُوا الصّلوه و آتُوا الزّکوه فاخوانُکُم فی الدّین> (توبه، 11) در این آیه توبه، نماز و زکات، شروط ورود به دین اسلام معرفی شده اند.
تشریع زکات در دین مبین اسلام در اولین آیات الهام شده به مهبط وحی آمده است. مثل آیه فوق الذکر از سوره مزمّل و نیز آیه 6 و7 از سوره فصلت که می گوید: <و ویل للمُشرکین الذّین لایُؤتُون الزّکوه و هُم بالاخره هُم کافروُن>، که درواقع ندادن زکات را شرط شرک و کفر دانسته است. هرچند در اجرای این دستور گرانبهای اسلامی تا سال هشتم یا نهم مماطله شد یا حتی پس از نزول آیه شریفه: <خُذ من اموالُهُم صدقه> که دستور صریح قرآن در اخذ زکات می باشد. رسول اکرم(ص) تا یکسال در امر جبایه و جمع آوری زکات امهال کردند، <حتی حال علیهم الحول> و در پایان سال عاملان زکات را برای جمع آوری و اخذ زکات اعزام نمودند. البته قول مشهور آن است که زکات در مدینه تشریع شده است و آیات مکی مشعر به زکات را از نوع زکات نفس تفسیر و تأویل کرده اند. برخی اقتران زکات به ایتاء را بر زکات مال تفسیر نموده اند، چون ایتاء به معنای اعطا می باشد، لذا دلالت بر مال می کند.