BP Process Safety Series Hazards of Water A collection of booklets describing hazards and how to manage them, 2004

69 صفحه

BP Process Safety Series Hazards of Water

A collection of booklets describing hazards and how to manage them, 2004

سرفصلها:

1 The nature of water and steam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 Water in process units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.1 Water and steam connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.2 Asphalt (bitumen) oxidizing vessels, stills and tankage . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.3 Water in reflux drums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.4 Controlled use of water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.5 Pipe stills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.6 Vacuum towers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.7 Other fractionating towers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3 Water in tankage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.1 Swing lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.2 Periodic draining of water in feed tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3.3 Bottom settlings and water (BS&W) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
3.4 Changing feed tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
3.5 Processing crude oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3.6 Tank foamovers and boilovers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3.7 Water testing and water flooding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
4 Other water hazards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4.1 Water as a source of air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4.2 Water as a static generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
4.3 Water-vapour fog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
4.4 Water and acid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
4.5 Water and fire fighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
4.6 Water and loading operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
4.7 Burn hazard from hot water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
4.8 Drowning hazard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
4.9 High pressure jet hazards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
4.10 Archimede’s principle hazard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
4.11 Water as a disease vector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
5 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
6 Some points to remember . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Test yourself! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Acronyms and abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

ISO 9001:2000 for Small Business, Implementing Process-Approach Quality Management, Arpad Gaal, St. Lucie Press

577 صفحه pdf

ISO 9001:2000 for Small Business, Implementing Process-Approach Quality Management, Arpad Gaal, St. Lucie Press

Ludwig's Applied Process Design for Chemical Petrochemical Plants, Volume 3 (4th Edition) - 2015

Ludwig's Applied Process Design for Chemical Petrochemical Plants, Volume 3 (4th Edition) - 2015

آخرین ورژن(سال 2015 ) جلد سوم کتاب مشهور لودویگ جهت طراحی تجهیزات فرایندی برای مهندسان شیمی و مکانیک.